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+ | =====Shells===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Definition==== | ||
+ | A \emph{shell} is a structure $\mathbf{S}=\langle S,+,0,\cdot,1 | ||
+ | \rangle $ of type $\langle 2,0,2,0\rangle $ such that | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | $0$ is an identity for $+$: $0+x=x$, $x+0=x$ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | $1$ is an identity for $\cdot$: $1\cdot x=x$, $x\cdot 1=x$ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | $0$ is a zero for $\cdot$: $0\cdot x=0$, $x\cdot 0=0$ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Morphisms== | ||
+ | Let $\mathbf{S}$ and $\mathbf{T}$ be shells. A morphism from $\mathbf{S}$ | ||
+ | to $\mathbf{T}$ is a function $h:S\rightarrow T$ that is a homomorphism: | ||
+ | |||
+ | $h(x+y)=h(x)+h(y)$, $h(x\cdot y)=h(x)\cdot h(y)$, $h(0)=0$, $h(1)=1$ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Examples==== | ||
+ | Example 1: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Basic results==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Properties==== | ||
+ | ^[[Classtype]] |variety | | ||
+ | ^[[Equational theory]] |decidable | | ||
+ | ^[[Quasiequational theory]] | | | ||
+ | ^[[First-order theory]] |undecidable | | ||
+ | ^[[Locally finite]] |no | | ||
+ | ^[[Residual size]] |unbounded | | ||
+ | ^[[Congruence distributive]] |no | | ||
+ | ^[[Congruence modular]] |no | | ||
+ | ^[[Congruence n-permutable]] |no | | ||
+ | ^[[Congruence regular]] |no | | ||
+ | ^[[Congruence uniform]] |no | | ||
+ | ^[[Congruence extension property]] |no | | ||
+ | ^[[Definable principal congruences]] |no | | ||
+ | ^[[Equationally def. pr. cong.]] |no | | ||
+ | ^[[Amalgamation property]] |yes | | ||
+ | ^[[Strong amalgamation property]] |yes | | ||
+ | ^[[Epimorphisms are surjective]] | | | ||
+ | ====Finite members==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | $\begin{array}{lr} | ||
+ | f(1)= &1\\ | ||
+ | f(2)= &\\ | ||
+ | f(3)= &\\ | ||
+ | f(4)= &\\ | ||
+ | f(5)= &\\ | ||
+ | f(6)= &\\ | ||
+ | \end{array}$ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Subclasses==== | ||
+ | [[Semirings with identity and zero]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Superclasses==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====References==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | [(Ln19xx> | ||
+ | )] |
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